What Is Pigmentation?

Pigmentation refers to areas of skin that appear darker than the surrounding skin due to excess melanin production. It may present as freckles, sun spots, melasma, post-acne marks or patchy uneven tone.

Uneven skin tone does not always mean dark spots alone. It can include dullness, blotchiness or irregular colour distribution that affects overall skin clarity.

Pigmentation is often influenced by both internal biology and external exposure.

Why Does Pigmentation Occur?

Pigmentation develops when melanin production becomes uneven or excessive. Common contributing factors include:

UV exposure

Chronic sun exposure stimulates melanin production and leads to sun spots and uneven tone.

Inflammation

Acne, skin irritation or aggressive treatments can leave post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Hormonal changes

Hormonal fluctuations may trigger melasma or patchy pigmentation.

Genetic predisposition

Some individuals are more prone to pigmentation due to inherited melanin activity. Without proper management, pigmentation may deepen or recur over time.

What Should Be Targeted?

Effective treatment should address both visible pigmentation and underlying triggers. Key targets include:

• Reducing excess melanin production
• Breaking down existing pigment deposits
• Strengthening th3e skin barrier
• Minimising inflammation
• Preventing recurrence

Surface brightening alone is often insufficient if root causes are not managed.